persons who, pursuant to an agreement or understanding (whether oral or written), co-operate, directly or indirectly, to obtain 30% or more of the Shares of a Listed Company admitted to trading, or to frustrate an Acquisition Offer for a Listed Company. Without prejudice to the general application of this definition, the following persons will be presumed to be persons Acting in Concert with other persons unless proven otherwise: 1. a Parent Company with members of its Group and Associate Companies and Associate Companies thereof in addition to companies that consider these companies to be their affiliates. 2. a company with any of its directors and their Relatives. 3. a Collective Investment Scheme manager along with the Collection Investment Schemes that it manages on a discretionary basis where the Collective Investment Scheme manager exercises voting rights attached to the shares available in such scheme. 4. an Investment Portfolio manager together with any client of such portfolio if the Investment Portfolio manager exercises voting rights attached to the Shares available in such portfolios